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Plant List for the Land: 2008

Many people have expressed an interest in what we have growing on the land, and how that has changed since we bought it. This list should help satisfy that curiosity.

We started cataloging the plants even before the sale was final, in fall and winter of 2000, but it had been very dry for several years, so most plants had lost their leaves and some had died before we could identify them. The original lists, like the original wildlife management plan submitted in the spring of 2001, were stored on a computer that later ate its hard drive. We reconstructed the list as of January 2002 from data recovery; since then the list has been updated every few months as new plants were discovered or added.

Originally, the plant list was divided both by type of plant and by habitat type, but here these lists have been combined, and are divided only by plant type (trees & woody shrubs, grasses, forbs, etc.) New this time: family affiliation is listed as well as scientific name and (where available) common name. For some plants, I've noted the habitat type or location where they are found. When we add plants, that's usually by seed (we collect seed from local occurrences of the desired plant) or root division (of plants we have propagated in our "grass garden" for instance.) We don't count a plant introduction as successful until it has survived two summers, after which it should have a root system sufficient to cope with a dry year. Both introduced and rare (but natural) occurrences are marked with stakes or protective wire cages.

Botanical names are taken from a variety of sources, including Correll & Johnston's Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas (1), Southwestern and Texas Wildflowers (2), Wildflowers of Texas (3) and many other field guides to Texas plants. We have not yet identified all the plants (and expect that, as the land continues to recover its native plant diversity, more will appear) so this list will be ongoing. We don't have pictures of all the plants on location, but reference books and links to botanical sites will let readers get an idea of the plants' appearance (these will be added as I have time to work on it.) General habitat preferences are indicated for some plants, but distribution is already changing as natives propagate without grazing pressure. The soil types are varied within general habitats, so that "fencerows" vary from wet, black, fine-grained soil on the west property line near the tributary creek to dry gravel near the SE corner by the highway. Past terracing for agriculture has disrupted the original soil types in the main grass, and each plant has its preferred soil type, sun exposure, etc. Thus white tridens grows in the poorly-drained standing water just below the highway culvert, in the dry woods swale (which can also hold water for several weeks), in the secondary drainage across the near meadow, and in the west gully system...but not in the grass between these widely separated wet areas. Plant numbers, distribution, and appearance also change with the amount and seasonal distribution of rainfall.

The following symbols have been used to indicate plants added and non-natives:
* plants added by seed or transplant
& plants added and surviving 2+ summers
# non-native plants

NON-VASCULAR PLANTS AND LICHENS: no baseline counts

Mosses (2 in 2006)

  1. Soil moss, not yet identified. (Photo 2006) found on soil above limestone on Cactus Flat and above, forming small (quarter to half-dollar-sized) mounds that become bright green after rain.
  2. Tree moss, not yet identified (Photo 2005) found in cavity on dead tree limb near the creek, about four feet above ground level. Superficially similar to (1) above.

Liverworts/Hornworts (1 in 2006)

  1. Soil liverwort: Cactus flat liverwort (?) not yet identified, (photo 2006)

Lichens (10 in 2006)
These lichens are found on trees in the woods and on rocks; the first three are found in the dry woods. Additional lichens on rock in Cactus Flat, and in the creek woods, have not been identified yet. Lichens are added to the list when photographed clearly enough to send to experts for ID. At present lichens are not organized by taxonomy, since most IDs are not yet known; "NYI" = not yet identified. Identifications of some presently follow those on the website CenTex Naturalist (J. Evans) from photographs there, at www.vvm.com/%7ejevans/. A few are from photos on Lichens of North America, www.lichen.com/.

  1. Tree lichen Ramalina celastri, fruticose straplike green-gray with white apotheca (photos 2005,2006) (photo 12/30/06, #311)
  2. Tree lichen Teloschistes exilis, fruticose yellow lichen with orange apotheca (photos 2005,2006) (photo 12/30/06, #317A; 01/10/07, #054)
  3. Tree lichen Punctelia bolliana, foliose gray-green lichen with dark-cupped apotheca and white pores (photos 2005,2006)
  4. Tree lichen, probably Usnea sp., NYI (photos 2006) (photo 12/30/06, #317B)
  5. Tree lichen, similar to Teloschistes exilis except green thallus with orange apotheca (photo 2006), NYI.
  6. Rock lichen: brown, NYI (photo 12/31/06, #057)
  7. Rock lichen: orange, circular, NYI (photo 12/31/06, #055)
  8. Rock lichen: green/gray, NYI (photo 12/31/06)
  9. Rock lichen: pink-purple, NYI (photos 12/31/06, #052)
  10. 1Rock lichen: cream/beige "pebbly", NYI (photo 12/31/06, #058, 059)
  11. Rock lichen: black, punctate, NYI (photo 12/31/06, #066, 067,068)
  12. Tree lichen, on hackberry bark, black markings on white Phaeographis sp (?) (photo 01/09/2007, #340)
  13. Tree lichen, on hackberry bark, flat ice-green w/rust-brown apotheca, NYI, (photo 01/09/2007, #338)
  14. Tree lichen, on hackberry bark, flat light green with "lumps", NYI (photo 01/09/07, #332)
  15. Tree lichen, on hackberry bark, flat, rusty-orange w/pale "dots", NYI (photo 01/09/2007, #323B)
  16. Tree lichen, on hackberry bark, pale pink with lacelike "graphic" markings in black, NYI (photo 01/09/07, #322)
  17. Tree lichen, on hackberry bark, cream-colored with tiny, black-centered, apotheca, NYI (photo 01/09/07, #323A)
  18. Tree lichen, on hackberry bark, simply branched, yellowish green, NYI (photo 01/09/07, #297, 298, 310)
  19. Tree lichen, on hackberry bark, gray-brown mottled, with dark-centered apotheca, NYI (photo 01/09/07, #304 UL)
  20. Tree lichen, on hackberry bark, foliose, flattened "corinthian" branches in gray-green, NYI (photo 01/09/07, #301)
  21. Tree lichen, on hackberry bark, whitish with "lumps", NYI (photo 01/09/07, #305)
  22. Tree lichen, on hackberry bark, dark gray (?) NYI (photo 01/09/07, #304-left)
  23. Tree lichen, on hackberry bark, pale pink, "cracked" w/gray/black smudges, NYI (photo 01/09/07, #324)
  24. Tree lichen, on hackberry bark, pale gray, cuplike apotheca gray rim, brown center, NYI (photo 01/09/07, #329
  25. Tree lichen, on oak bark, Physia aipolia (photo 01/10/07, #083A, 086)
  26. Tree lichen, on oak bark, yellow straplike, small, NYI, (photo 01/10/07, #086
  27. Tree lichen, on oak bark, foliose, "corinthean", gray, pale apotheca w/small center, NYI (photo 01/10/07, #083C.
  28. Tree lichen, on oak bark, creamy-lumpy (oatmeal), flat brown apotheca, NYI (photo 01/10/07, #083B
  29. Tree lichen, on cedar elm bark, black, NYI (photo 01/10/07, #063)
  30. Tree lichen, on cedar elm bark, whitish, "thick", many cuplike apotheca pale blue inside, NYI (photo 01/10/07, # 062)
  31. Tree lichen, on cedar elm branch, big "leaves", ruffled edges, pale gray, paler underside, NYI (photo 01/10/07, #059)
  32. Tree lichen, on cedar elm branch, medium-large "leaves", ruffled edges, medium blue-gray w/some white marks and some dark "holes." NYI (photo 1/10/07, #068)
  33. Tree lichen, on Texas persimmon peeling bark, pale olive green, wrinkled, NYI (photo 2/2/07, #107)
  34. Bark lichen on fallen branch, gray-green with lime-green apotheca, Hypogymnia of Family Parmeliaceae (ID via Hua Zhang who submitted to lichen listserv)

Algae (2 in 2005)

  1. Muskgrass or skunkweed Chara (aquatic macroalga appearing first in 2005, in both secondary drainage clear pools, and in creek at north end and sucking mudhole) (photo 2005)
  2. Filamentous algae (recurrent in creek ), slimy (photo 2002 and years following), appears in winter, after winter solstice usually.
  3. Filamentous algae (recurrent in creek), nonslimy (photo 2006, etc.) appears later in year.

39/39 Nonvascular

VASCULAR PLANTS

Trees and woody shrubs (33 in early 2002, 44 in 2005, 49 in 2006, 55 in 2007, 58 in 2008)

Lily Family

  1. Red-flowered yucca. Hesperaloe parviflora* (nursery specimen planted 2006, another 2007)
  2. Pale-leaf yucca. Yucca pallida
  3. Twisted-leaf yucca. Yucca rupicola
    Taxodium Family
  4. Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum* (nursery specimen planted in creek woods 2006, second nursery specimen planted 2007)
    Cypress Family
  5. Ashe juniper Juniperus asheii (all habitats, invasive, control necessary in grassland)
  6. Deodar cedar Cedrus deodar*# (creek woods, planted as memorial tree for Columbia astronaut Ilan Ramon)

    On the day of the Columbia disaster, we bought memorial trees to plant, choosing mostly native species available that day, and planting more trees than there were astronauts, in case of die-offs. The trees were chosen to go with specific astronauts: the deodar cedar for Ilan Ramon--cedar of Lebanon was not available--and also for Kalpana Chawa. Three of these trees were planted then. We chose pecans and oaks for Rick Husband, Willie McCool, David Brown, and Michael Anderson, and Mexican plums for Laurel Clark (and a backup plum for Chawa, in case all the deodars died off.) In one more year, we will be ready to "tag" surviving trees with an astronaut's name. The chinkapin oak, deodars, and Mexican plums are in the creek woods; the pecans, live oaks, and bur oaks are in the near meadow.

    Willow Family
  7. Black willow Salix nigra (creek woods only, lost some to drought 2006)
    Bayberry Family
  8. Wax myrtle Myrica cerifera* (nursery specimen 2007)
    Walnut Family
  9. Pecan Carya illinoiensis (creek woods, secondary drainage, south fencerow, also planted)
    Beech Family
  10. Live oak Quercus virginiana (dry woods, creek woods, secondary drainage)
  11. Red oak Quercus texana (dry woods; specimens died between 2001 and 2003, replanted 2006)
  12. Post oak Quercus stellata (fencerow, northeast)
  13. Bur oak Quercus macrocarpa *& (acorns planted multiple sites, 2001 to present)
  14. Chinkapin oak Quercus muehlenbergii *& (added 2002) (creek woods)
  15. Lacey oak. Quercus laceyi * (Q. glaucoides) (added 2006, 2007 dry woods)
    Elm Family
  16. Hackberry Celtis occidentalis (fencerows, creek woods)
  17. Sugarberry Celtis laevigata
  18. Cedar elm Ulmus crassifolia (creek woods, dry woods)
  19. American elm Ulmus americana (creek woods)
  20. ? (slippery) elm Ulmus (creek woods)
    Mulberry Family
  21. Osage orange Maclura pomifera (creek woods, fencerows, wet grassland)
  22. Mulberry Morus rubra (creek woods)
    Persimmon or Ebony Family
  23. Texas persimmon Diospyros texana (dry woods)
  24. Eastern persimmon Diospyros virginiana (lower creek woods, swamp)
    Mahogany Family
  25. Chinaberry Melia azedarach # (creek woods, invasive)
    Barberry Family
  26. Agarita Berberis trifoliata* (nursery specimens planted in dry woods 2006, 2007)
    Legume Family
  27. MesquiteProsopis glandulosa (invasive in grassland, control necessary; dry woods)
  28. Eve's Necklace Sophora affinis (fencerows, creek woods)
  29. Kidneywood Eysenhardtia texana (dry woods)
  30. Redbud Cercis canadensis * (seeds, seedlings, nursery specimens, various locations)
  31. False Indigo Amorpha fruticosa (west creek overflow)
    Citrus Family
  32. Wafer ash Ptelea trifoliata (creek woods, dry woods, fencerows)
  33. Prickly ash Zanthoxylum hirsutum (dry woods, fencerows)
    Sycamore Family
  34. Mexican Sycamore Platanus sp. * (creek woods, nursery specimen 2007)
    Rose Family
  35. Mexican plum Prunus mexicana (creek woods, secondary drainage, wet fencerows)
  36. Thicketing plum Prunus (rivularis?? appears to be at least two species) (creek woods margin, fencerows)
  37. Cherry laurel Prunus caroliniana (secondary drainage)
  38. Hawthorne Crataegus sp .* (creek woods, forest service seedlings, 2008)
    Sumac Family
  39. Evergreen sumac Rhus choriophylla* (nursery specimen planted 2006)
  40. Aromatic sumac Rhus aromatica (dry woods, fencerows)
  41. Prairie flameleaf sumac Rhus sp. (dry woods)
    Holly Family
  42. Possumhaw Ilex decidua (creek woods, fencerows)
  43. Yaupon Ilex vomitoria (creek woods)
    Dogwood Family
  44. Roughleaf dogwood Cornus (creek woods)
    Soapberry Family
  45. Western soapberry. Sapindus saponaria (north fencerows, creek woods)
  46. Mexican buckeye Ungnadia speciosa (dry woods)
    Buckthorn Family
  47. Carolina Buckthorn Frangula caroliniana (Rhamnus caroliniana) (creek woods)
    Verbena Family
  48. American Beautyberry Callicarpa americana* (creek woods, nursery specimen, 2007)
    Sapodilla Family
  49. Woolly-bucket bumelia Bumelia lanuginosa (invasive on grass, dry woods, fencerows)
    Olive Family
  50. Elbowbush Forestiera pubescens
  51. Elbowbush F. angustifolia (dry woods, fencerows, creek woods)
  52. Ligustrum Ligustrum lucidum # (creek woods, invasive and needs control)
  53. Waxleaf ligustrum Ligustrum japonicum # (creek woods)
  54. Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica*& (creek woods)
    Honeysuckle Family
  55. Rusty blackhaw viburnum Viburnum rufidulum (creek woods)
  56. White limestone honeysuckle Lonicera albiflora
  57. Coralberry Symphoricarpos orbiculatus *
    Madder Family
  58. Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis (creek woods)

Cactus (3 in 2002, 5 in 2006, 7 in 2008)

Photographs of all varities in bloom are in the pictures section.

  1. Prickly pear Opuntia lindheimeri (invasive: grass, dry woods, creek woods)
  2. Prickly pear (rainbow-thorned) Opuntia macrorhiza (ID by Joseph Marcus, Wildflower Research Center) dry woods
  3. Prickly pear (red-centered flower) (sp. unk) (north fenceline west of dry woods, 1 plant)
  4. Horse-crippler Echinocactus texensis (dry woods)
  5. Plains nipple cactus Coryphanta missouriensis(dry woods, on solid rock)
  6. Another, different, Coryphanta species in dry woods, on gravelly ridge
  7. Lace Hedgehog Cactus, Echinocereus reichenbachii * (dry woods, rocky)

Grasses (26 in 2002, 50 in 2007)

Other prairie restorationists will notice that we now have the "big four" tallgrass prairie dominants. Little bluestem and Indiangrass were here when we started; we have introduced switchgrass (four summers), eastern gama (four summers) and big bluestem (two summers.) Where possible, we use onsite seed collection and propagation; we also collect seed and specimens from local sources (within 20 miles), propagate them in a "grass nursery," and then plant root divisions when dormant. New native grasses (mostly short and midgrass) have appeared every year; we cannot tell if these are actually new arrivals or germination of old seed, or whether very small remnant populations have spread to a size we noticed when not under grazing pressure from cattle. Native prairie was estimated to have over 100 species of grass.

The following symbols have been used to indicate plants added and non-natives:
* grasses restored by seed or transplanted root division
& restored grasses surviving 2+ summers so far
# non-native grasses
  1. Big bluestem. Andropogon gerardii*& (various locations, marked, tallgrass dominant)
  2. Bushy bluestem. Andropogon glomeratus*& (west gully system)
  3. Little bluestem. Schizachyrium scoparium (NW meadow, pocket prairies, west grass)
  4. Silver bluestem Bothriochloa saccharoides (main grass)
  5. King Ranch bluestem Bothriochloa ischaemum# (all grass areas except pocket prairies)
  6. Sideoats grama. Bouteloua curtipendula. (dry woods, pocket prairies, NW meadow)
  7. Texas grama Bouteloua rigidiseta (south grass, east grass, near meadow, dry woods)
  8. Red grama Bouteloua trifida (dry woods)
  9. Hairy grama Bouteloua hirsuta (creekside on gravel)
  10. Dallisgrass. Paspalum dilatatum #(secondary drainage, west grass in wet areas)
  11. Brownseed paspalum Paspalum plicatulum (secondary drainage, N end of creek)
  12. Indian grass Sorghastrum nutans (pocket prairie, remnant prairie NW, Bowl [1])
  13. White tridens. Tridens albescens (all areas with periodic standing water in grassland)
  14. Knotroot bristlegrass Setaria geniculata (all areas with periodic standing water in grassland)
  15. Foxtail. Alopecurus carolinianus (near meadow, secondary drainage)
  16. Speargrass (Texas wintergrass). Nassella leucotricha (Stipa leucotricha)
  17. Rescue grass. Bromus catharticus
  18. Virginia wild-rye. Elymus virginicus
  19. Canadian wild-rye. Elymus canadensis
  20. Green sprangletop. Leptochloa dubia (dry woods)
  21. Hairy Erioneuron. Erioneuron pilosum
  22. Vine mesquite. Panicum obtusum
  23. Curly mesquite. Hilaria belangeri (near dry woods, near highway; shortgrass areas)
  24. Purpletop ?
  25. Oldfield threeawn. Aristida oligantha (near Center Walk, west grass)
  26. Purple threeawn. Aristida purpurea (dry woods, west grass near dry woods)
  27. Wright's threeawn Aristida wrightii (dry woods near Fox Pavilion)
  28. Dropseed Sporobolus (which?)
  29. Seep muhly. Muhlenbergia reverchonii (creekbank near Deer Ford)
  30. Fall witchgrass. Leptoloma cognatum, NW meadow, near creek
  31. Buffalograss. Buchloe dactyloides (near meadow, near dry woods, all shortgrass)
  32. Switchgrass. Panicum virgatum*& (west gully system, secondary drainage, north creek)
  33. Eastern gamagrass. Tripsacum dactyloides*& (secondary drainage, north creek)
  34. Lindheimer muhly. Muhlenbergia lindheimeri*& (west gully system)
  35. Scheele's bristlegrass. Setaria scheelei
  36. Junegrass. Koeleria macrantha
  37. Tumble windmill grass. Chloris verticillata
  38. Hall's panicum. Panicum hallii (secondary drainage, near north creek)
  39. Johnson grass. Sorghum halapense# (invasive in main grass; control)
  40. Kleingrass. Panicum coloratum# (invasive in main grass from horse lot)
  41. Hairy tridens. Erioneuron pilosum
  42. Tumblegrass. Schedonnardus paniculatus
  43. Little barley. Hordeum pusillum
  44. Scribner's rosettegrass. Dichanthelium oligosanthes var. scribnerianum
  45. Ryegrass. Lolium perenne#
  46. Sixweeksgrass. Vulpia octoflora (dry woods)
  47. Western Wheatgrass. Elymus smithii
  48. Water Bentgrass. Polypogon viridis
  49. Silky Bluestem. Dichanthium sericeum#
  50. Inland Sea Oats. Chasmanthus latifolium (Uniola latifolium) *

Sedges and Rushes (2 in 2002, at least 5 in 2005)

  1. Cyperus esculenta or C. strigosus (? need to do more checking to be sure which)
  2. Eleocharis acicularis (this one for sure, but maybe also another Eleocharis)
  3. Eleocharis baldwinii (?) (ID'd from site in Florida)
  4. Eleocharis vivipara (?) (ID'd from site in Florida, "sprouting spikerush")
  5. Cyperus onerosus Plains flatsedge (?) (IDed from NWC images, photo 6/26/2007)

Vines (8 in 2002, 19 in 2008) not divided into families

  1. Greenbriar Smilax (all sites; invasive in grassland edges)
  2. Poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans (all sites, rarely invasive in grassland)
  3. Virginia creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia (secondary drainage trees, creek woods)
  4. Pearl milkvine Matelia reticulata (dry woods)
  5. Milkvine Matelia edwardsensis (dry woods)
  6. Twinflower milkvine Matelia biflora (east grass near secondary drainage)
  7. Texas bindweed Convolvulus equitans (fencerows, dry woods, dry woods swale)
  8. Melonette Melothria pendula (creek woods)
  9. Balsam gourd Ibervillea Lindheimeri {dry woods)
  10. Grape Vitis spp (at least two different kinds of grape) (fencerows, woods, west grass)
  11. Balloon vine (brush pile west side of north creek)
  12. Coral Honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens (west creek woods, also planted elsewhere)
  13. Japanese Honeysuckle Lonicera japonica # (creek woods, secondary drainage, very invasive, now being eradicated)
  14. Dodder Cuscuta cuspidata
  15. Old Man's Beard. Clematis Drummondii
  16. Carolina Snailseed Cocculus carolinus
  17. Cowitch Vine, Ivy Treebine Cissus incisa
  18. Passionflower. Passiflora sp.* (planted early 2007, again in 2008)
  19. Wild morning glory. Ipomoea cordatotriloba (north fenceline near creek)

Forbs (62+ in 2002, 124 in 2005, 127 in 2006, 145 in 2008)

Forbs are the non-grass, non-woody plants, what the rest of us call variously weeds or wildflowers or herbs. "Soft" vines that occur in prairies (such as twinflower milkvine, Matelia biflora) could be considered forbs, but I chose to put all vines in one group, whether woody or not. Forbs may be annual, biennial or perinnial; they may be tiny (like stonecrop) or over ten feet tall (like Maximilian sunflower); some have conspicuous flowers and some inconspicuous. In the original prairie, there were hundreds of species mixed in with the grass. Some, like partridge pea and Texas croton, provide food to wildlife; the legumes among them help restore soil nitrogen. As the prairie restoration part of our project shows more and more recovery, it's obvious how the forbs and grass work together to create a "rough" floral terrain providing multiple micro-habitats through all seasons. Identification to genus level is certain; some species IDs are still questionable. New forbs are still appearing year by year; as with grass, it's impossible to be sure if these are expansions of remnant populations, germination of old seed, or new introductions. Some of the populations are very small (but had conspicuous flowers) and others are abundant. Natural succession is changing not only abundance but what is found where. A still-unidentified pink-flowering mint-family forb has expanded to new areas this spring.

Water Plantain Family

  1. Water plantain. Alisma subcordatum (appeared in 2007, photo in flower 8/2007)
    Lily Family
  2. Wild onion (white flowered) Allium sp. (near meadow, wet runoff areas)
  3. Drummond wild onion (pink & purple flowered) Allium drummondii (dry woods)
  4. False garlic Nothoscordum bivalve
  5. Grass yucca Yucca glauca
    Pickerelweed Family
  6. Pickerel weed Pondetaria cordata*& (swamp in south creek woods)
    Lizard-tail Family
  7. Lizard's tail Saururus cernuus *& (swamp in south creek woods)
    Pineapple Family
  8. Ball-moss Tillandsia recurvata (live oaks)
    Spiderwort Family
  9. Dayflower Commelina erecta (dry woods near cactus)
  10. Spiderwort Tradescantia occidentalis, Tradescantia ohioensis (dry woods near cactus)
    Amaryllis Family
  11. Rain lily Cooperia traubii (wet runoff areas)
    Iris Family
  12. Blue-eyed grass Sisyrhynchium (several species, including the pink one)(near meadow, most grassland)
  13. Water iris, southern blue-flag Iris virginica *& (swamp in south creek woods)
  14. Yellow flag Iris Pseudacorus*& (swamp in south creek woods)
    Mistletoe Family
  15. Greenleaf mistletoe Phoradendron tomentosum (parasitizing many trees in all areas)
    Amaranth Family
  16. Pigweed Amaranthus sp. (secondary drainage ditch)
    Four o'clock Family
  17. Mirabilis (either albida or gigantea), late May/June 2005, late Aug/Sept 2008
    Pink Family
  18. Common chickweed Stellaria media #
    Crowfoot Family
  19. Prairie larkspur Delphinium virescens (same as P. cobaea)
  20. Creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens (creek woods)
  21. Windflower, Basket Anemone Anemone heterophylla
  22. Yellow Columbine Aquilegia sp.* (nursery specimen, said native, 2007)
    Poppy Family
  23. White prickly poppy Argemone albiflora (dry woods near Fox Pavilion)
    Mustard Family
  24. Black mustard #(not native)
  25. Shepherd's purse Capsella bursa-pastorum #
  26. Peppergrass Lepidium sp.
  27. Gorgeous bladderpod (?) Lesquerella (recumbent stems, showy yellow flowers) (dry woods)
    Orpine Family
  28. Yellow stonecrop Sedum Nuttallianum
    Rose Family
  29. Dewberry Rubus sp. (creek woods, fencerows)
    Legume Family
  30. Two-leaf senna Cassia roemeriana (dry woods, increasing slowly)
  31. Partridge pea Cassia fasciculata (west grass, NW meadow near Fort Cedar)
  32. Bluebonnet Lupinus spp.
  33. Scarlet pea Indigofera miniata (creek bank on gravel)
  34. Bur clover Medicago hispida# (widespread, esp. Cactus Flat)
  35. Purple vetch Vicia sp.# (widespread in grass, esp. mowed paths, in late winter)
  36. Sensitive briar Mimosa nuttallii (formerly Schrankia uncinata)
  37. Powderpuff Mimosa strigillosa
  38. Illinois bundleflower Desmanthus multiflora (NW meadow prairie remnant)
  39. Golden dalea (Golden silk-thumb) Dalea aurea (gravel near creek, June 4, 2005)
  40. Black dalea Dalea lasiathera* (nursery specimen 2007 near Fox Pav)
  41. Slender Bushclover Lespedeza virginica (west gully, photo 8/18/08)
    Geranium Family
  42. Carolina geranium Geranium carolinianum (damp creek woods)
  43. Wild geranium Erodium texanum (dry woods)
  44. Alfilaria, storksbill, Erodium cicularia Feb 1, 2002 (dry woods)
    Wood-sorrel Family
  45. Creeping wood sorrel Oxalis corniculata # (dry woods)
  46. Violet sorrel. Oxalis violacea (dry woods, under cedar elm mostly)
    Flax Family
  47. Stiff-stem flax Linum rigidum (grassland, esp. south grass)
    Caltrop Family
  48. Warty caltrop/carpetweed Kallstroemia parviflora (dry woods near Cactus Flat)
    Spurge Family
  49. Snow-on-the-mountain Euphorbia marginata
  50. Roemer's spurge. Euphorbia roemeriana (increasing, 2004-2005, shortgrass areas)
  51. Texas croton, doveweed, goatweed Croton sp (decreasing with mowing and resurgence of other plants, esp. grass)
  52. Texas Toothleaf, Texas Queen's Delight. Stillangia texana
    Mallow Family
  53. Winecups Callirhoe involucrata (sporadic, restricted, not doing well)
  54. Field mallow, Trailing Mallow Malvastrum exile
  55. Balloon Sida Sida physocalyx
  56. Rose Pavonia Pavonia lasiopetala * (nursery specimen 2007)
  57. Shrubby Indian Mallow Abuliton incanum (probable, IDed from photos at Wildlflower Research Center) (photo 9/21/2008) dry woods edge
    St. John's-wort Family
  58. Stickleaf Hypericum sp. (?)--could be Mentzelia?
    Violet Family
  59. Woods Violet Viola sp.* (nursery specimen, 2007; flowered)
    Loosestrife Family (Niehaus/Ripper/Savage) but this is subfamily in Primrose Family in Correll & Johnston, with this species as Lysimachia lanceolata)
  60. Lance-leaf loosestrife Lythrum alatum var. lanceolatum
    Evening Primrose Family
  61. Yellow evening primrose, Fluttermills Oenothera missouriensis
  62. Pink evening primrose Oenothera speciosa
  63. White gaura Gaura lindheimeri
  64. Water primrose (aquatic) Ludwigia repens (first appeared in creek March 2005)
    Parsley Family
  65. Queen Anne's lace Daucus carota
  66. Mock Bishop's-weed Ptilimnium nuttallii
  67. Prairie or Cow parsley Polytaenia nuttallii
  68. Texas parsley Polytaenia texana
  69. Eryngo Eryngium leavenworthii
    Gentian Family
  70. Marsh pink Sabatia campestris (east grass in the Bowl)
  71. Mountain pink or Lady Bird's Centaury (?) Centaurium beyrichii or texense (dry woods, dry woods swale, now increasing in short-grass areas, including mowed paths)
  72. Texas bluebells Eustoma grandiflorum (various locations: NW meadow, foot of Bowl, sparse)
    Dogbane Family
  73. Dogbane Apocynum cannabinum (south grass near secondary drainage ditch)
    Milkweed Family
  74. Antelope horns Asclepias asperula (short and midgrass areas)
  75. Green antelope horns Asclepias viridis near me (moist grass, including near meadow)
  76. Zizotes milkweed Asclepias oenotheroides (short grass, near meadow, late)
  77. Wavy-leaf milkweed vine Funastrum crispum (dry woods, barely twining)
  78. Slender milkweed Asclepias linearis (dry field, ID not yet confirmed)
    Morning Glory Family
  79. Dodder Cuscuta sp. (mostly NW grass, creekbed)
    Borage Family
  80. Blue-curls Phacelia congesta (west dry woods, Cactus Flat)
  81. Fringed puccoon Lithospermum incisum (near Fox Pavilion only)
    Vervain Family
  82. Blue vervain Verbena hastata (short-grass and thin-soiled areas)
  83. Prairie verbena Verbena bipinnatifida (multiple sites, dry woods, grassland)
  84. Texas vervain Verbena halei
  85. Frogfruit Phyla incisa (secondary drainage)
    Mint Family
  86. Henbit Lamia amplexicaule # (east grass, dry woods, shortgrass)
  87. Lemon horsemint Monarda citriodora (grasslands througout, but sparse)
  88. Pink mint Stachys drummondii (pocket prairie)
  89. Shrubby skullcap Scutellaria wrightii (dry woods, dryer grassland)
  90. Texas sage (dry woods, dryer grassland)
  91. Pitcher sage Lepechinia calycina (pocket prairie)
  92. Wood germander, Teucrium canadense in bloom in west dry woods, late May, early June 2004 (west dry woods)
  93. Obedient plant Physostegia sp. (secondary drainage ditch)
  94. Prairie Brazoria. Warnockia scutellarioides (west grass near View Corner)
  95. Mealy Blue Sage Salvia farinaceae *
  96. Cedar Sage Salvia roemeriana *
  97. Tropical Sage Salvia coccinea *
  98. Texas betony Stachys coccinea*
    Nightshade Family
  99. Fiddle-leaf tobacco Nicotiana repanda (near creek, damper areas)
  100. Carolina horse-nettle Solanum carolinense (throughout on formerly bare soil areas)
  101. Buffalo Bur Solanum rostratum (Cactus Flats, 2006, photo)
  102. Heartleaf ground cherry Physalis hederaefolia
    Figwort Family
  103. Wild false foxglove Penstemon cobaea (creekbank, on gravel, mostly from Gravel to Deer Ford)
  104. Purple gerardia Agalinis purpurea (seasonal poor drainage grassy areas)
  105. Indian paintbrush Castilleja indivisa (very sparse, thin-soiled grassland)
  106. Speedwell (Persian?) Veronica sp. * (orchard, damper soils)
    Unicorn-plant Family
  107. Devil's claw Proboscidea louisianica
    Acanthus Family
  108. Violet ruellia Ruellia moderata (NW corner, dry woods)
  109. Snake-herb Dyschoriste linearis (various dry, thin-soiled sites; increasing in 2004-2005)
  110. Water willow Justicia americana (aquatic, creek only)
  111. Firecracker bush Anisacanthus quadrifidus wrightii * (nursery specimen 2007)
    Plantain Family
  112. Desert Plantain Plantago insularis (on rocky ground near Fox Pavilion)
  113. Paleseed Plaintain Plantago virginica (here and there throughout)
    Madder Family
  114. Bedstraw/cleavers. Galium sp. (west dry woods, creek woods)
  115. Prairie bluets Hedyotis nigricans (grasslands, increasing 2004-2005)
    Bluebell Family
  116. Venus's Looking-glass Triodanis perfoliata (throughout, sparse)
    Sunflower Family
  117. Texas star Lindheimeria texana
  118. Skeleton plant Lygodesma texana (dry woods, increasing)
  119. Mexican hat Ratibita sp (dry woods, grassland, decreasing with increased grass)
  120. Blackfoot daisy Melampodium leucanthum (dry woods, increasing)
  121. Fringed Sneezeweed Helenium drummondii (bottom of dry woods swale, photo ?)
  122. Greenthread Thelesperma filifolium (dry woods, near highway south)
  123. Basketflower Centaurea americana (pocket prairie, west edge creek woods)
  124. Indian blanket, firewheel Gaillardia (open grassland, mostly west grass)
  125. Brown-eyed Susan Rudbeckia triloba (pocket prairie, NW meadow)
  126. Gayfeather Liatris sp. (west grass, NW meadow)
  127. Frostweed Verbesina virginica (creek woods, dry woods, south fenceline)
  128. Beggars' ticks Bidens frondosa (dry woods, fencerows, some in creek woods)
  129. Maximilian sunflower Helianthus maximiliani (west grass, NW meadow, pocket prairie, SW meadow)
  130. Common sunflower Helianthus annuus (SW meadow, NW meadow, west grass)
  131. Goldenrod Solidago sp. (secondary drainage, Bowl)
  132. Roosevelt weed. Bacharis (west gully system)
  133. Ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia (wet barren areas throughout)
  134. Giant ragweed Ambrosia trifida (creek banks, creek woods along overflow channels)
  135. Broomweed Amphiachyris dracunculoides (Nutt.) (all grassland and bare areas)
  136. Soft green-eyes. Berlandiera pumila first appeared April 2005 (dry woods)
  137. Cut-leaf groundsel. Packera tampicana (short grass areas, near meadow)
  138. Plains fleabane. Erigeron modestus (shallow-soiled grassland)
  139. Philadelphia fleabane. Erigeron philadelphicus (deepsoiled grassland)
  140. Ironweed Vernonia baldwinii (near meadow, south fenceline)
  141. Annual aster Symphotrichum divaricatum (grass, esp more barren and poorly drained)
  142. Heath aster Symphotrichum ericoides (in mid-grass areas)
  143. Cocklebur Xanthium strumarium (in and near creek bed)
  144. Engelmann's Daisy Engelmannia peristenia (first appeared April 2007), grassland margins
  145. White Rocklettuce Pinaropappus roseus (looks like white skeleton plant, sort of, dry woods.) ID via Wildflower Research Center from photos sent.
  146. Marsh Fleabane Pluchea purpurascens (creek woods, wet ground, photo 9/2007)
  147. Longdisk Sneezeweed Helenium quadridentatum (one plant, near meadow, photo 5/20/2007) plant damaged by cart, annual, may recover enough to seed.
  148. Yellow Bitterweed Helenium amarum dry woods
  149. Purple Coneflower Echinacea purpurea (introduced 2008)
  150. Late-flowering Thoroughwort Eupatorium serotinum (one plant, SW west grass, photo 8/25/08)